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Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
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Go to: Data maintenance  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy  –  Nomenclature: Type Information  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature  –  Biogeography  –  Ecology  –  Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy  –  Lichen Photobionts  –  Thallus Morphology: General Morphology  –  Thallus Morphology: Outline  –  Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex  –  Thallus Anatomy: Medulla  –  Reproduction  –  Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Wall  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Margin  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Disk  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Amphithecial Cortex  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Periphyses  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Episamma  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Subhymenium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores  –  Conidioma Morphology  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Pycnidia  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia  –  Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites  –  Chemistry: Spot Tests  –  Index of all items of the project


Taxon name:



Data maintenance   back to top


1. Data set source [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. authentic     2. compiled     3. template     4. checklist item     5. standard item
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


2. Data set author(s) [mandatory] [mandatory character]     18. Egea J. M. & Torrente P.     60. Triebel D.  None selected () ()


3. Data set reviewer(s)     13. Egea J.M. & Torrente P.     58. Scholz P.     69. Triebel D.
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


4. Data set revision status [mandatory character]     2. revised  None selected () ()


5. Data set publication permission [mandatory character]     1. no     2. yes  None selected () ()


6. Data set publication date



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy   back to top


7. Current taxonomic status     1. accepted     2. basionymous
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8. Taxonomic rank [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. genus     2. species  None selected () ()


10. Taxon number

Mean: Upper range:


11. Genus name [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


12. Synonyms


13. Family name [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


14. Suborder name () ()


15. Order name () ()



Nomenclature: Type Information   back to top


16. Basionym


17. Type


19. Protologue


20. Type specimen label data



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature   back to top

21. Taxonomic notes


22. Taxonomic literature



Biogeography   back to top


27. Continent distribution [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Africa     2. Antarctica     3. Asia-Temperate     4. Australasia     5. Europe     6. Northern America     7. Southern America     8. Pacific     9. Asia-Tropical
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38. Checklist records [mandatory] [mandatory character]     2. Austria     10. Great Britain     12. Iberic Peninsula     13. Italy     17. New Guinea     20. Sonoran Desert     26. United States and Canada (continental)
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Ecology   back to top


43. Life habit    ()  2. biotroph (inhabiting living organisms) ()


44. Lifestyle [mandatory] [mandatory character]     4. lichenized (= parasitic and / or mutual symbiotic with photobionts)     5. lichenicolous (= parasitic on lichens)
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45. Substrate preference [mandatory character]     1. terricolous (on soil)     2. bryophytic (on bryophytes)     3. lignicolous (on wood)     4. corticolous (on bark)
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46. Thallus-substrate interaction     1. endosubstratic     3. episubstratic
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47. Habitat insolation     1. sun-exposed     2. partially shaded     3. fully shaded
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48. Habitat moisture     1. dry     2. moist     3. wet
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


53. Rock substrate mineral content     1. non-calciferous (lacking calcites)     2. calciferous (containing calcites)
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Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy   back to top


71. Host fungus or lichen species



Lichen Photobionts   back to top


79. Primary photobiont presence     1. absent     2. present
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80. Primary photobiont kind     1. cyanobacterial     2. chlorococcal     3. trentepohlioid
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86. Primary photobiont genus    ()  47. Trentepohlia ()


87. Primary photobiont family    ()  28. Trentepohliaceae ()


88. Primary photobiont order    ()  16. Trentepohliales ()


91. Secondary photobiont presence    ()  1. absent ()



Thallus Morphology: General Morphology   back to top


104. Thallus growth form [mandatory character]     1. indistinct     2. crustose
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105. Thallus primary subdivision    ()  1. continuous ()


108. Crustose growth organization     1. leprose     2. granular     3. rimose     5. areolate (primarily areolate)
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133. Thallus parts thickness [categorical]     1. thin     2. thick
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134. Thallus parts thickness [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm thick



Thallus Morphology: Outline   back to top


168. Primal thallus persistence     1. disappearing     2. persistent
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169. Primal thallus development     1. vestigial     2. pronounced
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Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface   back to top


172. Upper surface colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     13. green     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     24. yellow     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


176. Upper surface roughness     1. smooth     2. rough
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


177. Upper surface texture    ()  2. pulverulaceous ()


178. Upper surface special structures: presence     1. absent     2. present:
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


196. Upper surface pruina: presence     1. epruinose     2. pruinose
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


198. Upper surface pruina: colour     4. greenish     5. yellowish     7. reddish     8. whitish
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


201. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: presence    ()  1. absent ()


218. Upper surface cilia: presence    ()  1. eciliate ()


225. Upper surface hairs: presence     1. absent     2. present
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


230. Upper surface isidia: presence    ()  1. absent ()


252. Upper surface soralia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


264. Upper surface soralia: differentiation     1. not confluent     2. confluent (but not fusing)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


275. Upper surface cephalodia: presence    ()  1. absent ()


278. Upper surface lobules: presence    ()  1. absent ()


279. Upper surface granules: presence    ()  1. absent ()


280. Upper surface thalloconidia: presence    ()  1. absent ()



Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface   back to top


286. Lower surface attachment kind    ()  1. by the whole lower surface ()


287. Lower surface special structures: presence     1. absent     2. present:
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


288. Lower surface pseudocyphellae: presence    ()  1. absent ()


295. Lower surface cyphellae: presence    ()  1. absent ()


300. Lower surface rhizines: presence    ()  1. absent ()


319. Lower surface thalloconidia: presence    ()  1. absent ()


325. Lower surface cavernae: presence    ()  1. absent ()


326. Lower surface tomentum: presence    ()  1. absent ()



Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex   back to top


329. Upper cortex: presence     1. absent     2. present
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331. Upper cortex height [percentage]

Mean: Unit:
% of thallus width

332. Upper cortex height [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high



Thallus Anatomy: Medulla   back to top


393. Medulla euamyloid reactivity     1. in Lugol's solution negative     2. in Lugol's solution positive
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


394. Medulla hemiamyloid reactivity     1. not hemiamyloid     2. hemiamyloid
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


395. Medulla iodine reaction intensity     1. weakly euamyloid     2. strongly euamyloid
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


396. Medulla iodine reaction colour     1. I + blue     2. I + violet     3. I + red     4. I + reddish yellow
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Reproduction   back to top


414. Ascomata presence [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. absent     2. present
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Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology   back to top


418. Ascocarp structure [mandatory character]     1. apothecioid     2. perithecioid     3. cleistothecioid
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


420. Ascocarp outline     1. orbicular     3. irregular     4. linear     5. stellate
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


421. Ascocarp location {on main thallus}    ()  2. laminal ()


426. Ascocarp host dependency     1. host-independent     2. host-dependent
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


427. Ascocarp location {on host}     5. within the ascocarp margin of the host     6. within the ascocarp disks of the host
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


428. Ascocarp emergence    ()  1. not emerging (immersed, e.g., cryptolecanorine, cryptolecideine, aspicilioid) ()


429. Ascocarp attachment     1. adnate (semi-immersed)     2. sessile
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


430. Ascocarp basis     1. not constricted (flat below)     2. slightly constricted (moderately conical at the base)     3. strongly constricted (strongly conical at the base)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


431. Ascocarp abundance [categorical]     1. sparse     2. moderately abundant     3. abundant
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


436. Ascocarp ascostroma formation     2. pseudostromatic     3. stromatic
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


438. {orbicular} ascocarp diameter [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm in diam.



Ascocarp Morphology: Wall   back to top


443. Ascocarp wall: carbonization     1. not carbonized     2. carbonized only in parts     3. carbonized around the ostiole, lacking a clypeus     4. with a carbonized black clypeus around the ostiole
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


444. Ascocarp wall: fusion {of neighboured perithecia}     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Morphology: Margin   back to top


448. Ascocarp margin: structure     4. crenulate     5. granulose
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449. Ascocarp margin: roughness    ()  1. smooth ()


451. Ascocarp margin: persistency     1. persistent     2. excluded
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


452. Ascocarp margin: development     1. indistinct (thin)     2. distinct (moderately thickened)     3. prominent (thick)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


453. Ascocarp margin: colour     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     6. black     7. red     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     13. green     24. yellow     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)    ()  30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


457. Ascocarp margin: width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


458. Ascocarp margin: pruina abundance     1. epruinose     2. slightly pruinose     3. distinctly pruinose
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


462. Ascocarp margin: surface structures presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


468. Ascocarp margin: external filaments presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Morphology: Disk   back to top


487. Ascocarp disk: curvature     1. urceolate (strongly concave)    ()  2. excavate (concave)     3. plane (expanded)     4. weakly convex     5. strongly convex
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


488. Ascocarp disk: colour     6. black     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)    ()  30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


489. Ascocarp disk: exposure     1. not exposed     3. fully exposed
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


491. Ascocarp disk: pruina presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


492. Ascocarp disk: pruina abundance     1. scarce     2. abundant
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


493. Ascocarp disk: pruina colour     1. white     2. yellow greenish     3. green     4. yellow     5. red     6. brownish red (= reddish brown)     7. pale grey (= whitish grey, greyish white)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple   back to top


497. Ascocarp excipulum: plectenchyma structure    ()  2. paraplectenchymatous ()


498. Ascocarp excipulum: hyphal orientation     1. parallel (radiating outwards)     2. net-like (intricately interwoven, with no predominant orientation)     3. not easily discerned (strongly gelatinized or carbonized)
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504. Ascocarp excipulum: pigment carbonization     1. biatorine (not carbonized)     2. lecideine (carbonized)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


505. Ascocarp excipulum: layer pigmentation     2. white     4. grey     6. black     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     13. green     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


506. Ascocarp excipulum: crystal inspersion     1. not inspersed with crystals     2. inspersed with crystals
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy   back to top


559. Amphithecial photobiont abundance     1. absent     2. sparse (eulecanorine)     3. abundant
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Amphithecial Cortex   back to top


566. Amphithecial cortex presence     1. absent     2. present
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567. Amphithecial cortex development     1. indistinct     2. distinct
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Periphyses   back to top


613. Periphyses presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Episamma   back to top


622. Episamma presence     1. absent     2. present
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


626. Episamma solubility     1. dissolving in 10% KOH     2. not dissolving in 10% KOH
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium   back to top


627. Epithecium presence     1. absent     2. present
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629. Epithecium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


633. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: width [categorical]     1. not swollen     2. slightly swollen     3. distinctly swollen
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


634. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


638. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: pigment location     1. pigment cap (within the cell wall)     3. diffuse (outside the cell wall)
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639. Epithecial hyphae apical cell pigmentation {in H2O}     1. hyaline (translucent)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     13. green     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     24. yellow     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium   back to top


650. Hymenium persistence    ()  2. mazaedioid (asci soon disintregating) ()


653. Hymenium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


654. Hymenium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


667. Hymenium euamyloid reaction     1. Lugol’s negative     2. Lugol’s positive
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


668. Hymenium hemiamyloid reaction     1. not hemiamyloid     2. hemiamyloid
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae   back to top


673. Interascal hyphae presence     1. absent     2. present
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676. Interascal hyphae ramification     1. scarcely branched     2. distinctly branched
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


677. Interascal hyphae anastomoses     1. not or scarcely anastomosed     2. distinctly anastomosed
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


681. Interascal hyphae cell width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide



Ascocarp Anatomy: Subhymenium   back to top


684. Subhymenium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


699. Subhymenium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)    ()  10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )



Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium   back to top


707. Hypothecium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


708. Hypothecium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     4. grey     6. black     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     13. green     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
(Select a character state: to add this modifier: )
(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )


711. Hypothecium pigment pattern     1. homogenous     2. inhomogenous
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci   back to top


751. Ascus shape     1. globose     4. broadly clavate     5. clavate     6. narrowly clavate     8. cylindrical
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752. Ascus stipitation     1. absent     2. indistinct     3. distinct
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753. Ascus length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

754. Ascus width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


757. Ascus tholus thickness     1. not thickened     2. thickened
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758. Ascus tholus iodine reactivity     1. Lugol’s negative     2. Lugol’s positive
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759. Ascus tholus iodine reaction kind     1. hemiamyloid     2. euamyloid
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760. Ascus tholus iodine reaction colour     1. + red     2. + light blue     3. + dark blue
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761. Ascus tholus amyloidy pattern     1. with amyloid tube     2. with amyloid cap     3. entirely amyloid throughout
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767. Ascus ocular chamber presence     1. absent     2. present
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768. Ascus ocular chamber development     1. indistinct     2. narrow     3. broad
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769. Ascus dehiscence type     1. prototunicate     2. lecanoralean     3. unitunicate     4. verrucarial     5. bitunicate
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778. Exoascus {euamyloid} reactivity    ()  1. in in Lugol's Solution Solution negative ()


779. Exoascus {hemiamyloid} reactivity    ()  1. not hemiamyloid ()


780. Endoascus {hemiamyloid} reactivity     1. not hemiamyloid     2. inner layer hemiamyloid     3. all layers hemiamyloid
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores   back to top


784. Ascospore number [categorical]     2. c. 4 per ascus     3. c. 8 per ascus
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786. Ascospore shape     1. globose     4. ellipsoid     5. broadly ellipsoid     6. ovoid     10. oblong-obtuse     11. oblong     13. cylindrical     16. fusiform     17. filiform     23. clavate     28. semilunate     31. reniform (incl. fabiform)     32. curved     35. allantoid     36. bifusiform (incl. biclavate)     39. irregular
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787. Ascospore length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

788. Ascospore width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


790. Ascospore attenuation     1. obtuse     2. aciculate
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792. Ascospore septum presence     1. absent     2. present
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793. Ascospore septum orientation    ()  1. transversely septate ()


795. Ascospore {median} septum number [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
-transversally septate


800. Ascospore cell lumen size [categorical]     1. even (all cells of equal size)     2. constricted in the centre (apically and basally enlarged)     3. tapered (swollen in the centre)
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802. Ascospore wall width [categorical]     1. thin     2. thick
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804. Ascospore wall differentiation {visible in the light microscope}    ()  2. distinctly differentiated (into primary and secondary wall) ()


807. {septal} ascospore wall thickening    ()  1. absent ()


808. Ascospore wall lateral septal constrictions     1. absent     2. present
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809. Ascospore wall pigment development     1. remaining hyaline     2. becoming pigmented
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810. Ascospore wall pigmentation     1. hyaline (translucent)     4. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     5. middle brown     7. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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811. Ascospore wall iodine reactivity {euamyloid}    ()  1. in Lugol's Solution negative ()


812. Ascospore perispore ornamentation     1. not ornamented (psilate, smooth)     2. ornamented
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814. Ascospore mucilaginous sheath width [categorical]     1. indistinctly halonate (mucilaginous sheath absent or thin)     2. distinctly halonate (with a thick mucilaginous sheath)
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Conidioma Morphology   back to top


816. Conidiomata presence [mandatory character]     1. absent     2. present
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817. Conidiomata kind     1. pycnidial     2. hyphomycetous     3. hyphophorous     4. campylidial
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818. Conidiomata abundance     1. sparse     2. moderately abundant     3. strongly abundant
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819. Conidiomata exposure     1. immersed     2. adnate (semi-immersed)     3. sessile     4. stipitate
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820. Conidiomata length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

821. Conidiomata width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


826. Conidiomata location    ()  2. laminal (on thallus) ()



Conidioma Anatomy: Pycnidia   back to top


833. Pycnidium shape     1. globular     2. subglobular     6. pyriform
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835. Pycnidium compartmentalization     1. unilocular     2. plurilocular
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836. Pycnidium wall distinctiveness     1. indistinct     2. distinct
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838. Pycnidium wall pigmentation     1. hyaline (translucent)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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849. Pycnidium ostiole pigmentation     6. black     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     30. brown
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Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia   back to top


873. Conidium shape     1. globose     4. ellipsoid     11. bacilliform     16. fusiform     17. filiform     32. reniform     33. curved     39. sigmoid
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874. Conidium size [categorical]     1. microconidial     3. macroconidial
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879. Conidium length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

880. Conidium width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


882. Conidium septation: presence     1. absent     2. present
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884. {transversal} conidium septation [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
-septate


886. Conidium cell wall pigmentation     1. hyaline (translucent)     2. pigmented
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Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites   back to top


913. Known secondary metabolites: presence     1. absent     2. present
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915. Known secondary metabolites: name     52. 2'-O-demethylpsoromic acid     224. arthoniaic acid     225. arthonin     226. arthothelin (2,4,5-trichloronorlichexanthone)     231. atranorin     249. chiodectonic acid     258. confluentic acid     262. connorstictic acid     300. erythrin     336. gyrophoric acid     382. lecanoric acid     388. lepraric acid     470. norstictic acid     489. pannaric acid     496. perlatolic acid     512. protocetraric acid     521. psoromic acid     533. roccellic acid     542. schizopeltic acid     549. skyrin
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916. Known secondary metabolites: substance class     1. amino acid derivatives     2. (higher) aliphatic acids     3. (anthra-)quinones     4. benzyl esters     5. chromones     6. dibenzofurans [and usnic acids]     7. diphenyl ethers     8. orcinol depsides     9. orcinol depsidones     10. ß-orcinol depsides [incl. atranorin]     11. ß-orcinol depsidones     12. pulvinic acid derivatives     13. secalonic acids     14. (tri-)terpenoids     15. xanthones
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917. Unknown secondary metabolites: presence     1. absent     2. present
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921. Calcium oxalate crystals: presence     1. absent     2. present
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Chemistry: Spot Tests   back to top


926. Spot test reactions     1. absent     2. present
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927. Upper surface K reactivity     1. – (negative)     2. + deep yellow     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red
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928. Upper surface C reactivity     1. –     3. + bright yellow     5. + red
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930. Upper surface KC reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red
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931. Upper surface PD reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     5. + red     8. + orange
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932. Cortex K reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red
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933. Cortex C reactivity     1. –     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     5. + red
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935. Cortex KC reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red
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936. Cortex PD reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     5. + red     8. + orange
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937. Medulla K reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red
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938. Medulla C reactivity     1. –     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     5. + red
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940. Medulla KC reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red
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941. Medulla PD reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     5. + red     9. + orange
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956. Ascocarp margin (in section) K reactivity     1. –     5. + red     10. + green
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981. Consistency K-reactive pigments     1. amorphous     2. minutely granular     3. coarsely granular     4. crystallized
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