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Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
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Go to: Data maintenance  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy  –  Nomenclature: Type Information  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature  –  Biogeography  –  Ecology  –  Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy  –  Lichen Photobionts  –  Thallus Morphology: General Morphology  –  Thallus Morphology: Secondary Thallus Morphology  –  Thallus Morphology: Thallus Size and Differentiation  –  Thallus Morphology: Outline  –  Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface  –  Functional Thallus Properties  –  Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex  –  Thallus Anatomy: Photobiont Layer  –  Thallus Anatomy: Medulla  –  Thallus Anatomy: Lower Cortex  –  Reproduction  –  Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Margin  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Disk  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Parathecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium Extension  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores  –  Conidioma Morphology  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Pycnidia  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Conidiogeneous Cells  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia  –  Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites  –  Chemistry: Spot Tests  –  Chemistry: UV-Fluorescence  –  Index of all items of the project


Taxon name:



Data maintenance   back to top


1. Data set source [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. authentic     2. compiled     3. template     5. standard item
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2. Data set author(s) [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


3. Data set reviewer(s)     2. Aptroot A.     15. Elix J. A.     16. Esslinger T.     28. Kainz C.     41. Mattsson J.-E.     45. Nash T.H.     53. Randlane T.     66. Thell A.     70. Verdon D.
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4. Data set revision status [mandatory character]     1. not revised     2. revised  None selected () ()


5. Data set publication permission [mandatory character]     1. no     2. yes  None selected () ()


6. Data set publication date



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy   back to top


7. Current taxonomic status     1. accepted     2. basionymous
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8. Taxonomic rank [mandatory] [mandatory character]     2. species     3. subspecies     4. variety     5. form  None selected () ()


9. Currently accepted name


11. Genus name [mandatory] [mandatory character] () ()


12. Synonyms


13. Family name [mandatory] [mandatory character]     91. Parmeliaceae Zenker (1827)  None selected () ()


14. Suborder name     5. Lecanorineae  None selected () ()


15. Order name     9. Lecanorales  None selected () ()



Nomenclature: Type Information   back to top


16. Basionym


17. Type


19. Protologue


20. Type specimen label data



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature   back to top

21. Taxonomic notes


22. Taxonomic literature



Biogeography   back to top


23. Hemisphere distribution     1. Northern hemispheric     2. Southern hemispheric
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24. Floristic province {= zonal distribution} [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. holarctic     2. arctic     3. subarctic     4. boreal     5. Mediterranean     6. subtropical     7. pantropical     8. neotropical     9. palaeotropic     10. subantarctic     11. antarctic     14. cosmopolitan     15. temperate
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25. Altitude [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. coastal     2. colline     3. submontane     4. montane     5. upper montane     6. subalpine     7. alpine
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27. Continent distribution [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Africa     2. Antarctica     3. Asia-Temperate     4. Australasia     5. Europe     6. Northern America     7. Southern America     8. Pacific     9. Asia-Tropical
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38. Checklist records [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Australia     2. Austria     3. Bolivia     4. Chile     5. Ecuador     6. Estonia     7. Germany     8. Germany, Bavaria     9. Germany, Hamburg     10. Great Britain     11. Guianas     12. Iberic Peninsula     13. Italy     14. Japan     15. Mexico     16. Morocco     17. New Guinea     18. New Zealand     19. Peru     20. Sonoran Desert     21. Sweden and Norway     22. Thailand     23. Tunisia     24. Turkey     25. Ukraine     26. United States and Canada (continental)     27. Venezuela
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Ecology   back to top


43. Life habit    ()  2. biotroph (inhabiting living organisms) ()


44. Lifestyle [mandatory] [mandatory character]     4. lichenized (= parasitic and / or mutual symbiotic with photobionts)     5. lichenicolous (= parasitic on lichens)
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45. Substrate preference [mandatory character]     1. terricolous (on soil)     2. bryophytic (on bryophytes)     3. lignicolous (on wood)     4. corticolous (on bark)     5. epiphyllous (on living leaves)     6. saxicolous (on rock)
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47. Habitat insolation     1. sun-exposed     2. partially shaded     3. fully shaded
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48. Habitat moisture     1. dry     2. moist     3. wet
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50. Substrate     5. bark     6. non-calciferous rock
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53. Rock substrate mineral content     1. non-calciferous (lacking calcites)     2. calciferous (containing calcites)
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Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy   back to top


67. Host plant or phorophyte species [list]     1. Chamaecyparis spp.     2. Juniperus spp.     3. Pinus contorta     4. Pinus ponderosa     5. Pinus pumila     6. Pseudotsuga menziesii
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Lichen Photobionts   back to top


79. Primary photobiont presence     1. absent     2. present
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80. Primary photobiont kind    ()  2. chlorococcal ()


86. Primary photobiont genus    ()  46. Trebouxia ()


87. Primary photobiont family    ()  27. Trebouxiaceae ()


88. Primary photobiont order    ()  15. Trebouxiales ()



Thallus Morphology: General Morphology   back to top


104. Thallus growth form [mandatory character]     1. indistinct     2. crustose     3. foliose     4. fruticose
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105. Thallus primary subdivision     1. continuous     2. divided
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106. Thallus secondary subdivision     1. entire     2. subdivided
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107. Thallus ramification pattern     1. isotomic-dichotomous     2. anisotomic-dichotomous     5. irregular
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108. Crustose growth organization     1. leprose     2. granular     6. placodioid     7. squamulose     8. subfruticose (minutely fruticose, dactyliform)     9. filamentose
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109. Crustose growth structure    ()  2. subsquamulose ()


111. Crustose growth continuity     1. continuous throughout     2. dispersed along the periphery, continuous in the centre     3. dispersed throughout and distinctly seperate
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112. Foliose growth organization     1. lobed     2. umbilicate
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114. Foliose lobe outline     1. elongate     2. lunate     3. linear     4. flabellate
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116. Foliose lobe orientation     1. horizontal     2. ascending     3. imbricate
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117. Foliose lobe front     1. angular     2. rounded
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118. Foliose lobe curvature     1. concave     2. subconcave     3. plane     4. subconvex     5. convex
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119. Fruticose growth organization     1. erect     4. subpendulous     5. pendulous
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120. Fruticose branch shape     1. cylindrical     2. tapered     3. irregular
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121. Fruticose branch structure     1. terete     2. subterete     3. applanate (moderately flattened)     4. compressed (strongly flattened)     5. alate     6. striate     7. ridged
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122. Fruticose branch flattening     1. bifacial     2. unifacial     3. pseudobifacial
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123. Fruticose branch segmentation     1. not segmented     2. segmented
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132. Thallus parts width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm wide



Thallus Morphology: Secondary Thallus Morphology   back to top


148. Trunk structural integrity     1. intact (not cracked)     2. cracked (longitudinally split)
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149. Trunk colour     1. black     2. grey     3. blue     4. green     6. brown     7. red     8. white     9. dark grey (= greyish black, blackish grey)     10. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     11. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     12. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     13. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     16. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     17. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     18. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     19. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     22. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     23. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     24. yellow     25. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     26. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     29. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     30. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     31. brownish red (= reddish brown)     32. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     33. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)     35. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)
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150. Trunk brightness [categorical]     1. pale     2. concolourous     3. darkened
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Thallus Morphology: Thallus Size and Differentiation   back to top


152. Overall thallus diameter [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
cm in diameter


153. Overall thallus length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
cm long


154. Thallus joints main branch {basal} constriction     1. basally not constricted     2. basally constricted
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158. Thallus apex curvature     1. not curved     2. irregular     3. curved upwards     4. curved downwards
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159. Thallus apex outline     1. rounded     2. truncate
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Thallus Morphology: Outline   back to top


160. Thallus perimeter outline     1. irregular     2. orbicular
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164. Thallus margin structure     1. entire     12. sinuate     13. crenate
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170. Primal thallus colour     1. black     2. grey     3. blue     4. green     5. yellow     6. brown     7. red     8. white     9. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     10. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     11. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     12. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     13. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     14. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     17. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     18. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     19. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     20. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     21. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     22. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl.aeruginose, turquoise)     23. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     24. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     25. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     26. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     27. brownish red (= reddish brown)     28. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     29. violet (= purple, bluish red, reddish blue)     30. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)     31. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     32. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     33. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)
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Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface   back to top


172. Upper surface colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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174. Upper surface curvature     1. plane     2. subconcave     3. concave     4. subconvex     5. convex
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175. Upper surface glossiness     1. matt (opaque, dull)     2. glossy (shiny)     3. vitreous
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176. Upper surface roughness     1. smooth     2. rough
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177. Upper surface texture     2. pulverulaceous     3. byssoid     4. erose
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179. Upper surface fissures: presence     1. absent     2. present
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180. Upper surface fissures: arrangement     1. single     2. reticulate
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181. Upper surface fissures: development     1. sparingly developed     2. strongly developed
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182. Upper surface fissures: extrusions     1. absent     2. present
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184. Upper surface fissures: orientation     1. longitudinal     2. transverse     3. without predominant orientation     4. both transverse and longitudinal
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186. Upper surface pits: presence     1. absent     2. present
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189. Upper surface folds: presence     1. absent     2. present
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191. Upper surface maculae: presence     1. absent     2. present
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192. Upper surface maculae: outline     1. punctiform     2. orbicular     3. linear     4. irregular     5. reticulate
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193. Upper surface patches: presence     1. absent     2. present
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196. Upper surface pruina: presence     1. epruinose     2. pruinose
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197. Upper surface pruina: abundance     1. scarce     2. abundant
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199. Upper surface pruina: distribution     1. continuous     2. patchy
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201. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: presence     1. absent     2. present
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204. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: arrangement     1. isolated     2. reticulate
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206. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: distribution     1. distributed all over the surface     2. distributed locally on the surface
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207. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: exposure     1. sunken     2. plane     3. prominent
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208. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: location     1. central     2. laminal     3. peripheral
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209. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: outline     1. punctiform     2. orbicular     3. linear     4. irregular     5. reticulate
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210. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: position     1. submarginal     2. marginal
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211. Upper surface pseudocyphellae: prominence     1. not prominent     3. on tubercles (warts)     4. on wrinkles     5. on folds     6. on undulations     7. on papillae
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213. Upper surface wrinkles: presence     1. absent     2. present
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218. Upper surface cilia: presence     1. eciliate     2. ciliate
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219. Upper surface cilia: kind     1. spinulous     2. slender     3. bulbate
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220. Upper surface cilia: position     1. basal     2. apical     3. laminal     4. forming a fringe     5. interspersed     6. marginal     7. in axils     8. among isidia     9. on tubercles     B. on lobules
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225. Upper surface hairs: presence     1. absent     2. present
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227. Upper surface hairs: location     1. basal     2. apical     3. laminal     4. interspersed     5. marginal
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228. Upper surface hairs position     1. on thallus lobes or branches     2. among isidia     3. on tubercles     4. on lobules     5. in axils
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230. Upper surface isidia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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231. Upper surface isidia: location     1. central     2. laminal     3. peripheral
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232. Upper surface isidia: position {across the surface}     1. marginal     2. submarginal     3. apical
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233. Upper surface isidia: position {on other structures}     1. on tubercles (warts)     2. on wrinkles     3. on folds     4. on waves
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235. Upper surface isidia: shape     1. globular     2. tuberculate     3. pustular     4. inflated     5. cylindrical     6. clavate     7. spathulate     8. peltate (incl. scutelliform)
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237. Upper surface isidia: ramification     1. not branched     2. branched
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238. Upper surface isidia: ramification pattern     1. sparse     2. coralloid     3. moderate
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239. Upper surface isidia: apical brightness [categorical]     1. paled (at the isidium tip)     2. concolorous (with rest of isidium)     3. darkened (at the isidium tip)
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240. Upper surface isidiomorphs: presence     1. absent     2. present
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241. Upper surface isidiomorphs: development     1. on immature soralia only     2. on mature and immature soralia     3. on mature soralia only
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242. Upper surface isidiomorphs: brightness [categorical]     1. paled     2. concolourous (with thallus)     3. darkened
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243. Upper surface papillae: presence     1. absent     2. present
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244. Upper surface papillae: shape     1. minute (barely distinct)     2. subhemispherical     3. verrucose     4. cylindrical
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245. Upper surface pustules: presence     1. absent     2. present
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246. Upper surface pustules: shape     1. regular (cylindrical, not inflated or flattened)     2. inflated     3. spathulate
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252. Upper surface soralia: presence     1. absent     2. present
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253. Upper surface soralia: diameter [categorical]     1. minute     2. broad
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254. Upper surface soralia: diameter [numerical]

Min: Max: Unit:
mm in diam.


255. Upper surface soralia: colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark green (= greenish black, blackish green)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue ( = bluish black, blackish blue)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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256. Upper surface soralia: location     1. central     2. laminal     3. subperipheral     4. peripheral
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257. Upper surface soralia: position     1. apical     2. subapical     3. lateral
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258. Upper surface soralia: origin     1. "ab initio" (literally: from the the beginning, i.e., directly forming on anywhere on thallus surface, breaking through the cortex)     2. papillar (forming at the tips of papillae, i.e., elongated, finger-like projections)     3. tubercular (eroding from the tip of tubercles, warts)     4. pustular (erupting from pustules)     5. nodular (developing on contorted, knot-like structures of branches of fruticose lichens)     6. rugular (originating on wrinkles)     7. on folds (forming on thallus folds)     8. fissural (forming from cracks or fissures)     9. undular (forming on thallus undulations)     10. along scars of fibrils
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259. Upper surface soralia: shape     1. semicapitate     2. capitate     3. hooded (helmet-shaped)     4. spathulate     5. labriform     6. maculiform     7. ear-shaped
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260. Upper surface soralia: outline     1. erose (diffuse, unspecific)     2. punctiform     3. irregular ("effigurate")     4. linear
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261. Upper surface soralia: elevation    ()  3. prominent ()


262. Upper surface soralia: excavation     1. slightly excavated     2. fully excavated
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263. Upper surface soralia: density [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
per mm²


264. Upper surface soralia: differentiation     1. not confluent     2. confluent (but not fusing)     3. fusing     4. spreading
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265. Upper surface soralia: arrangement    ()  2. reticulate fused ()


266. Upper surface soralia: orientation     1. longitudinal     2. transversal
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267. Upper surface soralia: delimitation     1. emarginate     2. marginate
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268. Upper surface soralia: development {from isidia}    ()  2. isidiate ()


269. Upper surface soredia: diameter [categorical]     1. grainy (coarse)     2. farinose (fine)
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271. Upper surface tubercles: presence     1. absent     2. present
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272. Upper surface tubercles: size [categorical]     1. very small     2. small     3. large
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278. Upper surface lobules: presence     1. absent     2. present
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Thallus Morphology: Lower Thallus Surface   back to top


281. Lower surface presence     1. absent     2. present
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282. Lower surface overall colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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283. Lower surface central colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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284. Lower surface peripheral colour     1. black     2. grey     3. blue     4. green     5. yellow     6. brown     7. red     8. white     9. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     10. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     11. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     14. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     15. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     16. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     17. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     20. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     21. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     22. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     23. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     24. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     27. brownish red (= reddish brown)     28. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     29. violet (= purple, bluish red, reddish blue)     30. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)     31. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     32. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     33. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)
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286. Lower surface attachment kind     1. by the whole lower surface     2. by holdfasts     3. lacking
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288. Lower surface pseudocyphellae: presence     1. absent     2. present
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295. Lower surface cyphellae: presence     1. absent     2. present
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296. Lower surface wrinkles: presence     1. absent     2. present
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297. Lower surface wrinkles: location     1. central     2. peripheral
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298. Lower surface wrinkles: arrangement     1. isolated     2. reticulate
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299. Lower surface wrinkles: orientation     1. longitudinal     2. transversal     3. irregular
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300. Lower surface rhizines: presence     1. absent     2. present (rhizinate)
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302. Lower surface rhizines: abundance     1. sparse     2. moderately abundant     3. abundant
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305. Lower surface rhizines: extent     1. extending all across the lower surface (non-rhizinate margin absent)     2. with a narrow non-rhizinate margin     3. with a broad non-rhizinate margin
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307. Lower surface rhizines: colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= yellowish red, reddish yellow)
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310. Lower surface rhizines: ramification     1. not branched     2. branched
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311. Lower surface rhizines: ramification pattern     1. irregular     2. dichotomous     3. squarrose     4. sparsely furcate
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322. Lower surface tubercles: presence     1. absent     2. present
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Functional Thallus Properties   back to top


328. Hygrochasic movement capability     1. not hygrochasic     2. hygrochasic
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Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex   back to top


329. Upper cortex: presence     1. absent     2. present
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330. Upper cortex type     1. phenocortical     2. eucortical
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331. Upper cortex height [percentage]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
% of thallus width

332. Upper cortex height [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


334. Upper cortex plectenchyma structure     1. prosoplectenchymatous     2. paraplectenchymatous
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338. Upper cortex layer layer differentiation     1. one     2. two
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360. Upper cortex epicortex: presence     1. absent     2. present
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363. Upper cortex epicortex: differentiation     1. non-porous (i.e., forming a syncortex)     2. subporous     3. porous
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Thallus Anatomy: Photobiont Layer   back to top


374. Photobiont layer: height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm thick


376. Photobiont layer: compartmentalization     1. continuous     2. clustered     3. in vaulted chambers     4. scattered
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377. Photobiont layer: hyphal cell size [categorical]     1. narrow, smaller than the medullar hyphae     2. large, similar in size to medullar hyphae
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Thallus Anatomy: Medulla   back to top


379. Medulla differentiation     1. single-layered     2. double-layered
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380. Medulla height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm thick

381. Medulla height [relative]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
% of branch width


383. Medulla colour    ()  2. white ()


384. Medulla density     1. compact     2. dense     3. loose     4. very loose, becoming hollow
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385. Medulla central axis: presence     1. absent     2. present
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386. Medulla central axis: width [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
% of thallus width


387. Medulla central axis: structure    ()  1. solid ()


388. Medulla hyphal arrangement     1. forming several bundles     2. forming a compact mass
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389. Medulla hyphal orientation     1. predominantly along the lobe axis     2. without particular orientation in upper part, predominantly along the lobe axis in lower part     3. without particular orientation
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390. Medulla hyphal septum widening     1. not widened     2. widened
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393. Medulla euamyloid reactivity     1. in Lugol's solution negative     2. in Lugol's solution positive
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Thallus Anatomy: Lower Cortex   back to top


397. Lower cortex presence     1. absent     2. present
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398. Lower cortex type     2. phenocortical     3. eucortical
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401. Lower cortex plectenchyma structure     1. paraplectenchymatous     2. prosoplectenchymatous
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404. Lower cortex hyphal orientation     1. anticlinal     2. periclinal
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Reproduction   back to top


414. Ascomata presence [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. absent     2. present
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Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology   back to top


418. Ascocarp structure [mandatory character]    ()  1. apothecioid ()


421. Ascocarp location {on main thallus}     1. central     2. laminal     3. subperipheral     4. peripheral
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422. Ascocarp location {on primal, primary or secondary thallus}    ()  1. on primal thallus (pro- and hypothallus) ()


423. Ascocarp position {on primal thallus: pro- or hypothallus}     1. laminal     2. peripheral
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424. Ascocarp position {on primary thallus parts}     1. central     2. laminal     3. subperipheral     4. peripheral     5. subterminal     6. terminal
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425. Ascocarp position {on secondary thallus parts}     1. lateral (on branching stipes)     2. apical (at the tip of stipes)     3. marginal (on the margin of scyphi)
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426. Ascocarp host dependency     1. host-independent     2. host-dependent
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427. Ascocarp location {on host}     1. peripheral (along the margin of the host thallus)     2. laminal (all accross the host thallus)     3. terminal (at the apex of branches or lobes of the host thallus)     4. along the rim of host scyphi     5. within the ascocarp margin of the host     6. within the ascocarp disks of the host
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428. Ascocarp emergence    ()  1. not emerging (immersed, e.g., cryptolecanorine, cryptolecideine, aspicilioid) ()


429. Ascocarp attachment     1. adnate (semi-immersed)     2. sessile
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430. Ascocarp basis     1. not constricted (flat below)     2. slightly constricted (moderately conical at the base)     3. strongly constricted (strongly conical at the base)
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431. Ascocarp abundance [categorical]     1. sparse     2. moderately abundant     3. abundant
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438. {orbicular} ascocarp diameter [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
mm in diam.



Ascocarp Morphology: Margin   back to top


448. Ascocarp margin: structure     4. crenulate     5. granulose     6. scabrose     7. verrucose     8. verruculose
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449. Ascocarp margin: roughness     1. smooth
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451. Ascocarp margin: persistency     1. persistent     2. excluded
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452. Ascocarp margin: development     1. indistinct (thin)     2. distinct (moderately thickened)
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458. Ascocarp margin: pruina abundance     1. epruinose     2. slightly pruinose     3. distinctly pruinose
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463. Ascocarp margin: soredia     1. absent     2. present (sorediate)
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464. Ascocarp margin: isidia     1. absent     2. present (isidiate)
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465. Ascocarp margin: pseudocyphellae     1. absent     2. present
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466. Ascocarp margin: cilia    ()  1. absent ()


467. Ascocarp margin: hairs     1. absent     2. present (hirsute)
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Ascocarp Morphology: Disk   back to top


487. Ascocarp disk: curvature     1. urceolate (strongly concave)     2. excavate (concave)     3. plane (expanded)     4. weakly convex     5. strongly convex
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488. Ascocarp disk: colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     12. dark red (= blackish red, reddish black)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     29. dark yellow (= yellowish black, blackish yellow)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= reddish yellow, yellowish red)
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491. Ascocarp disk: pruina presence     1. absent     2. present
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple   back to top


505. Ascocarp excipulum: layer pigmentation     2. white     30. brown
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Parathecium   back to top


510. Parathecium pigmentation    ()  2. white ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: General Amphithecium Anatomy   back to top


530. Amphithecium presence    ()  2. present ()


540. Amphithecium width [numerical]

Lower range: Upper range: Unit:
µm wide



Ascocarp Anatomy: Epithecium   back to top


633. Epithecial hyphae apical cell: width [categorical]     1. not swollen     2. slightly swollen     3. distinctly swollen
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639. Epithecial hyphae apical cell pigmentation {in H2O}     1. hyaline (translucent)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     30. brown     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium   back to top


653. Hymenium height [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm high


654. Hymenium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae   back to top


676. Interascal hyphae ramification     1. scarcely branched     2. distinctly branched
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677. Interascal hyphae anastomoses     1. not or scarcely anastomosed     2. distinctly anastomosed
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium   back to top


708. Hypothecium pigmentation {in H2O}     2. white     30. brown
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium Extension   back to top


727. Hypothecial extension presence     1. absent     2. present (differentiated as a separate structure, either as a stalk or stipe)
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Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci   back to top


751. Ascus shape     1. globose     4. broadly clavate     5. clavate     6. narrowly clavate     7. obclavate     8. cylindrical
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761. Ascus tholus amyloidy pattern     5. with non-amyloid narrow axial body and amyloid convergent flanks towards apex     6. with non-amyloid wide axial body and divergent amyloid flanks towards apex
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764. Ascus tholus {amyloid} flanks distinctiveness     1. indistinct     2. distinct
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767. Ascus ocular chamber presence     1. absent     2. present
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768. Ascus ocular chamber development     1. indistinct     2. narrow     3. broad
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769. Ascus dehiscence type    ()  2. lecanoralean ()


776. Ascus dehiscence extrusion mechanism {semi-fissitunicate/ fissitunicate dehiscence}    ()  1. of rostrum-type ()



Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores   back to top


783. Ascospore arrangement     1. not uniseriate     2. uniseriate
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784. Ascospore number [categorical]     1. 1–2 per ascus     2. c. 4 per ascus     3. c. 8 per ascus     4. 12-16 per ascus     5. 16-32 per ascus     6. more than 32 per ascus
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785. Ascospore number [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
per ascus


786. Ascospore shape     1. globose     2. subglobose     3. oval     4. ellipsoid     5. broadly ellipsoid     6. ovoid     7. obovoid     8. quadrangular     9. oblong-truncate     10. oblong-obtuse     11. oblong     12. doliiform     13. cylindrical     14. acerose     15. acicular     16. fusiform     17. filiform     18. pyriform     19. obpyriform     20. ampulliform     21. lageniform     22. sublageniform     23. clavate     24. obclavate     25. turbinate     26. cuneiform     27. lunate     28. semilunate     29. falcate     30. napiforn     31. reniform (incl. fabiform)     32. curved     33. lenticular in surface view (= discoid in side view)     34. discoid in surface view (= lenticular in side view)     35. allantoid     36. bifusiform (incl. biclavate)     37. sigmoid     39. irregular
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787. Ascospore length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

788. Ascospore width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide


790. Ascospore attenuation     1. obtuse     2. aciculate
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792. Ascospore septum presence    ()  1. absent ()


802. Ascospore wall width [categorical]     1. thin     2. thick
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804. Ascospore wall differentiation {visible in the light microscope}    ()  2. distinctly differentiated (into primary and secondary wall) ()


812. Ascospore perispore ornamentation     1. not ornamented (psilate, smooth)     2. ornamented
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Conidioma Morphology   back to top


816. Conidiomata presence [mandatory character]     1. absent     2. present
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819. Conidiomata exposure     1. immersed     2. adnate (semi-immersed)     3. sessile     4. stipitate
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824. Conidiomata position {on thallus parts}     1. on tubercles (warts)     2. on wrinkles     3. on folds     4. on simple isidia     5. on branched isidia     6. on projections     7. on muri     8. on primary squamules     9. on podetia     10. on margins of scyphi     11. on margins of ascocarps     12. in primordia of ascocarps     13. in the hymenium of ascocarps
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825. Conidiomata general position     1. lateral (along the margin of thallus parts)     2. subapical (just below the tips of thallus parts)     3. apical
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826. Conidiomata location     1. central (on thallus)     2. laminal (on thallus)     3. subperipheral (on thallus)     4. peripheral (on thallus)
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827. Conidiomata supporting structure: presence     1. absent     2. present
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831. Conidiomata supporting structure: position     1. laminal (accross the whole surface)     2. central     3. peripheral
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Conidioma Anatomy: Pycnidia   back to top


833. Pycnidium shape    ()  1. globular ()


838. Pycnidium wall pigmentation     1. hyaline (translucent)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     6. black     7. red     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     11. bluish red (= reddish blue, incl. violet, purple)     13. green     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     17. bluish green (= greenish blue; incl. aeruginose, turquoise)     18. dark green (= blackish green, greenish black)     19. blue     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     23. dark blue (= blackish blue, bluish black)     24. yellow     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     28. greenish yellow (= yellowish green, incl. lime green)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)     34. orange (= yellowish red, reddish yellow)
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841. Pycnidium wall differentiation [categorical]     1. single-layered     2. double-layered
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Conidioma Anatomy: Conidiogeneous Cells   back to top


865. Conidiogenous cells: position     1. apical     2. intercalar
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Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia   back to top


873. Conidium shape     1. globose     2. subglobose     3. oval     4. ellipsoid     5. broadly ellipsoid     6. ovoid     7. obovoid     8. quadrangular     9. oblong-truncate     10. oblong-obtuse     11. bacilliform     12. doliiform     13. cylindrical     14. acerose     15. acicular     16. fusiform     17. filiform     18. citriform     19. pyriform     20. obpyriform     21. ampulliform     22. lageniform     23. sublageniform     24. clavate     25. obclavate     26. turbinate     27. cuneiform     28. lunate     29. falcate     30. unciform     31. napiforn     32. reniform     33. curved     34. lenticular in surface view (= discoid in side view)     35. discoid in surface view (= lenticular in side view)     36. allantoid     37. bifusiform     38. moniliform     39. sigmoid     40. helical
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879. Conidium length [numerical]

Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm long

880. Conidium width [numerical]
Min: Lower range: Mean: Upper range: Max: Unit:
µm wide



Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites   back to top


913. Known secondary metabolites: presence     1. absent     2. present
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914. Known secondary metabolites: location     1. throughout the cortex     2. only in the upper part of the cortex     3. only in the lower part of the cortex     4. throughout the thallus medulla     5. only in the upper medulla     6. only in the lower medulla     7. in the ascocarp margin     8. within the subhymenium or hypothecium     9. throughout the whole central axis     10. restricted to the outer part of the central axis     11. in soredia (or soralia)
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915. Known secondary metabolites: name     18. 2,4-di-O-methylgyrophoric acid     71. 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid     96. 3-methoxy-2,4-di-O-methylgyrophoric acid     98. 3-methoxyumbilicaric acid     125. 4,5-di-O-methylhiascic acid     133. 4-O-demethylbarbatic acid     139. 4-O-demethylisoobtusaic acid     154. 4-O-methyllividic acid     162. 4-O-methylphysodic acid     179. 5-O-methylanziaic acid     180. 5-tri-O-methylhiascic acid     210. a-collatolic acid     211. alectorialic acid     213. alectoronic acid     231. atranorin     233. ß-alectoronic acid     235. barbatic acid     240. bourgeanic acid     248. caperatic acid     250. chloroatranorin     255. colensoic acid     257. conechinocarpic acid     267. consalazinic acid     268. constictic acid     283. diffractaic acid     289. divaricatic acid     291. echinocarpic acid     311. evernic acid     322. fumarprotocetraric acid     328. glomellic acid     329. glomelliferic acid     336. gyrophoric acid     349. hydroxycolensoic acid     373. isoobtusatic acid     382. lecanoric acid     391. lichesterinic acid     392. lichexanthone     393. lividic acid     405. methoxycolensoic acid     441. microphyllinic acid     456. norcolensoic acid     462. norlobaridone     466. norobtusatic acid     470. norstictic acid     473. obtusatic acid     479. ovoic acid     480. oxostenosporic acid     483. oxyphysodic acid     496. perlatolic acid     503. physodic acid     505. pigmentosin A & B     512. protocetraric acid     514. protolichesterinic acid     536. salazinic acid     549. skyrin     554. squamatic acid     555. stenosporic acid     559. stictic acid     578. thamnolic acid     584. umbilicaric acid     586. usnic acid     592. virensic acid
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916. Known secondary metabolites: substance class     1. amino acid derivatives     2. (higher) aliphatic acids     3. (anthra-)quinones     4. benzyl esters     5. chromones     6. dibenzofurans [and usnic acids]     7. diphenyl ethers     8. orcinol depsides     9. orcinol depsidones     10. ß-orcinol depsides [incl. atranorin]     11. ß-orcinol depsidones     12. pulvinic acid derivatives     13. secalonic acids     14. (tri-)terpenoids     15. xanthones
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917. Unknown secondary metabolites: presence     1. absent     2. present
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Chemistry: Spot Tests   back to top


928. Upper surface C reactivity    ()  11. + blackish green ()


932. Cortex K reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red     6. + blackish red     7. + bluish red     8. + orange     9. + pink     10. + violet
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933. Cortex C reactivity     1. –     5. + red
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935. Cortex KC reactivity     1. –     5. + red
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936. Cortex PD reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red     8. + orange
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937. Medulla K reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red     6. + blackish red     7. + bluish red     8. + orange     9. + pink
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938. Medulla C reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red     6. + blackish red     7. + bluish red     8. + orange     9. + pink
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940. Medulla KC reactivity     1. –     2. + yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red     6. + blackish red     7. + bluish red     8. + pink     9. + orange
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941. Medulla PD reactivity     1. –     2. + deep yellow     3. + bright yellow (citrine, lemon)     4. + yellow changing to red     5. + red     6. + blackish red     7. + bluish red     8. + pink     9. + orange
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Chemistry: UV-Fluorescence   back to top


983. UV-fluorescence: upper surface     1. – (negative)     2. + (positive)
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985. UV-fluorescence: medulla     1. – (negative)     2. + (positive)
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986. UV-fluorescence: reaction colour    ()  3. bright bluish white ()


 

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Index of all items of the project

In case that additional characters and states are required to be included in this data set, consult the LIAS Instructions to Participants and follow the procedures described there.

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