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Botanische Staatssammlung München © 1995–2008
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Go to: Data maintenance  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy  –  Nomenclature: Type Information  –  Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature  –  Biogeography  –  Ecology  –  Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy  –  Lichen Photobionts  –  Thallus Morphology: General Morphology  –  Thallus Morphology: Outline  –  Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface  –  Thallus Anatomy: Upper Cortex  –  Thallus Anatomy: Medulla  –  Reproduction  –  Ascocarp Morphology: General Ascocarp Morphology  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Wall  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Margin  –  Ascocarp Morphology: Disk  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Exciple  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Periphyses  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hymenium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Interascal Hyphae  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Hypothecium  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Asci  –  Ascocarp Anatomy: Ascospores  –  Conidioma Morphology  –  Conidioma Anatomy: Conidia  –  Chemistry: Secondary Metabolites  –  Index of all items of the project

Taxon name:


Data maintenance   back to top

1. Data set source [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. authentic     2. compiled     3. template     4. checklist item     5. standard item
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )

2. Data set author(s) [mandatory] [mandatory character]     13. Cáceres M.     60. Triebel D.  None selected () ()

3. Data set reviewer(s)     7. Calatayud V.     9. Cáceres M.     69. Triebel D.
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4. Data set revision status [mandatory character]     1. not revised     2. revised  None selected () ()

5. Data set publication permission [mandatory character]     1. no     2. yes  None selected () ()

6. Data set publication date


Nomenclature: Taxonomic Hierarchy   back to top

7. Current taxonomic status    ()  1. accepted ()

8. Taxonomic rank [mandatory] [mandatory character]     2. species     4. variety     5. form  None selected () ()

9. Currently accepted name

11. Genus name [mandatory] [mandatory character]     741. Stigmidium  None selected () ()

12. Synonyms

13. Family name [mandatory] [mandatory character]     2. genus incertae sedis: Stigmidium     82. Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau (1897)  None selected () ()

15. Order name     1. of unknown placement (incertae sedis)     5. Dothideales  None selected () ()


Nomenclature: Type Information   back to top

16. Basionym



Nomenclature: Taxonomic Literature   back to top

21. Taxonomic notes


22. Taxonomic literature


Biogeography   back to top

23. Hemisphere distribution    ()  1. Northern hemispheric ()

24. Floristic province {= zonal distribution} [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. holarctic     2. arctic     3. subarctic     4. boreal     5. Mediterranean     6. subtropical     7. pantropical     8. neotropical     9. palaeotropic     10. subantarctic     11. antarctic     14. cosmopolitan
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25. Altitude [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. coastal     2. colline     3. submontane     4. montane     5. upper montane     6. subalpine     7. alpine
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(Select a character state: to add this note/comment: )

27. Continent distribution [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Africa     2. Antarctica     3. Asia-Temperate     4. Australasia     5. Europe     6. Northern America     7. Southern America     8. Pacific     9. Asia-Tropical
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28. Major geographic region     1. Northern Europe     2. Middle Europe     3. South-western Europe     4. South-eastern Europe     5. East Europe     6. Northern Africa     7. Macaronesia (Cape Verde – Canary Islands – Madeira – Azores)     8. Western Tropical Africa     9. West-Central Tropical Africa     10. North-eastern Tropical Africa     11. Eastern Tropical Africa     12. Southern Tropical Africa     13. Southern Africa     14. Middle Atlantic Islands     15. Western Indian Islands     16. Siberia     17. Far Eastern Asia     18. Middle Asia     19. Caucasus     20. Western Asia     21. Arabian Peninsula     22. China     23. Mongolia     24. Eastern Asia     25. Indian Subcontinent     26. Indochinese Pensinsula (Southeast Asia)     27. Malesia (South-eastern Asian Islands)     28. North Indian Islands     29. Australia     30. New Zealand     31. South-western Pacific Islands
South     32. South-Central Pacific Islands     33. North-western Pacific Islands     34. North-Central Pacific Islands     35. Subarctic America     36. Western Canada     37. Eastern Canada     38. North-western U.S.A.     39. North-Central U.S.A.     40. North-eastern U.S.A.     41. South-western U.S.A.     42. South-Central U.S.A.     43. South-eastern U.S.A.     44. North and Central Mexico     45. Mesoamerica     46. Caribbean     47. Northern South America (Guyana)     48. Western South America (Andes)     49. Brazil (Amazon)     50. Southern South America (dry and subtropical)     51. Subantarctic Islands     52. Antarctic Continent
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29. European distribution records     1. Denmark     2. Finland     3. Faeroe Islands (Denmark)     4. United Kingdom     5. Iceland     6. Norway     7. Svalbard (= Spitsbergen; Norway)     8. Sweden     9. Austria     10. Benelux (Belgium & Luxembourg)     11. former Czechoslovakia (incl. Czech Republic & Slovacia)     12. Germany     13. Hungary     14. Netherlands     15. Poland     16. Switzerland (incl. Liechtenstein)     17. Balearic Islands     18. Corsica (France)     19. France (excl. Corsica)     20. Portugal     21. Sardinia (Italy)     22. Spain (incl. Andorra & Monaco)     23. Albania     24. Bulgaria     25. Greece     26. Italy (incl. San Marino & The Vatican City, excl. Sicily, Sardinia)     27. Crete     28. Romania     29. Sicilia (Italy)     30. European Turkey     31. Former Yugoslavia [incl. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia]     32. Belarus     33. Baltic States (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia)     34. Crimea (Ukraine)     39. North-western Russia     40. Ukraine     43. Cyprus     44. East Aegean Islands (Turkey & Greece)
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30. African distribution records     1. Algeria     2. Egypt     3. Libya     4. Morocco     5. Tunisia     6. Western Sahara (annexed by Morocco, formerly Mauritania)     7. Azores (Portugal)     8. Canary Islands (Spain)     9. Cape Verde     10. Madeira (Portugal)     11. Selvagen Islands (Portugal)     12. Benin     13. Burkina Faso     14. Gambia     15. Ghana     16. Guinea-Bissau     17. Guinea     18. Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire)     19. Liberia     20. Mali     21. Mauritania     22. Nigeria     23. Niger     24. Senegal     25. Sierra Leone     26. Togo     27. Burundi     28. Cabinda (Angola)     29. Central African Republic     30. Cameroon     31. Congo (Republic of Congo & Democratic Republic of The Congo)     32. Equatorial Guinea     33. Gabon     34. Gulf of Guinea Islands (Sao Tome & Principe)     35. Rwanda     36. Zaire     37. Chad     38. Djibouti     39. Ethiopia (incl. Eritrea)     40. Socotra Island     41. Somalia     42. Sudan     43. Kenya     44. Tanzania     45. Uganda     46. Angola     47. Malawi     48. Mozambique     49. Zambia     50. Zimbabwe     51. Botswana     52. Cape Province (Eastern & Western Cape; South Africa)     53. Caprivi Strip (Namibia)     54. Lesotho     55. Namibia     56. Natal (South Africa)     57. Orange Free State (South Africa / Namibia)e     58. Swaziland     59. Transvaal (north-eastern South Africa)     60. Ascension (overseas territory of the UK, part of the St. Helena Islands, Central South Atlantic Ocean)     61. St Helena (overseas territory of the UK, Central South Atlantic Ocean)     62. Aldabra Atoll (Seychelles)     63. Comoros (= Mozambique Channel Islands)     64. Mauritius (Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar)     65. Mozambique Channel Islands (= Comoros)     66. Madagascar     67. Réunion (overseas department of France, Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar)     68. Rodrigues Island (Mauritius)     69. Seychelles (Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar)
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31. {temperate & continental} Asian distribution records     1. Gulf States (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates)     2. Kuwait     3. Oman     4. Saudi Arabia     5. Yemen     6. Southern Russia     7. Kazakhstan     8. Kyrgyzstan     9. Turkmenistan     10. Tajikistan     11. Uzbekistan     12. North Caucasus     13. Transcaucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan & Georgia)     14. Afghanistan     15. South-central China     16. Hainan Province (China)     17. Mongolia (Mongolia)     18. Manchuria (China)     19. North-central China     20. Southeast China     21. Tibet-Qinghai     22. Xinjiang (China)     23. Japan     24. Korea (North & South)     25. Nansei-Shoto (Japan)     26. Taiwan     27. Iran     28. Iraq     29. Lebanon-Syria     30. Israel & Palestine     31. Sinai Sinai (Israel / Egypt)     32. Turkey (excl. European Turkey)     34. Central Russia     35. Eastern Russia     36. Northern Russia     37. Altay (Russia: Gorno-Altaysk OR Mongolia: Govo-Altay ???)     38. Buryatiya (Russia)     39. Chitinskaya (Russia)     40. Irkutsk (Russia)     41. Krasnoyarsk (Russia)     42. Tyva (Russia)     43. West Siberia (Russia)     44. Yakutiya (Russia)     45. Amur (Russia)     46. Kamchatka (Russia)     47. Khabarovsk (Russia)     48. Kuril Islands (Russia)     49. Magadan (Russia)     50. Primorye (Vladivostok, Russia)     51. Sakhalin (Russia)
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32. {tropical & subtropical} Asian distribution records     1. Assam (India)     2. Bangladesh     3. Bhutan (Bhutan) & Sikkim (India)     4. India     5. Kashmir [China (Aksai Chin); India (Jammu and Kashmir); Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas)]     6. Nepal     7. Pakistan     8. Sri Lanka     9. Burma (= Myanmar)     11. Cambodia     12. Laos     13. South China Sea (Hong Kong)     14. Thailand     15. Vietnam     16. Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea)     17. North East Borneo (Indonesia)     18. Lesser Sunda Isles (East Timor)     19. Peninsular Malaysia (= Malaya, Malaysia)     20. Malaysian Borneo (Malaysia)     21. Moluccas (Spice Islands, Indonesia)     22. New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)     23. Philippines     24. Sulawesi (Indonesia)     25. Sumatra (Indonesia)     26. Christmas Island (Australia)     27. Andaman Island (India)     28. Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory)     29. Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)     30. Laccadive Islands (India)     31. Maldives     32. Nicobar Island (= Nicobar; India)     33. Ashmore-Cartier Islands (Australia)
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33. Australian and Oceanian distribution records     1. Lord Howe-Norfolk IsLord Howe-Norfolk Islands (Australia)     2. New South Wales (Australia)     3. Northern Territory (Australia)     4. Queensland (Australia)     5. South Australia (Australia)     6. Tasmania     7. Victoria (Australia)     8. Western Australia     9. Antipodes Islands (New Zealand)     10. Chatham Islands (New Zealand)     11. Kermadec Islands (New Zealand)     12. North Island of New Zealand
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34. Pacific Island distribution records     1. Fiji     2. Gilbert Islands (Kiribati, an independent equatorial Pacific Island State)     3. Howland-Baker Islands (US North Pacific Islands)     4. Nauru (South Pacific Island State, world's smallest independent republic)     5. Niue (Savage Island, self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)     6. New Caledonia (French South Pacific Islands)     7. Phoenix Archipelago (part of Kiribati, an independent equatorial Pacific Island State)     8. Samoa (independent South Pacific Island State)     9. Solomon Islands (independent South Pacific Island State)     10. Tokelau (New Zealand)- Manihiki (Cook Islands, self-governing in free association with New Zealand)     11. Tonga (independent South Pacific Island state)     12. Tuvalu (independent South Pacific Island state)     13. Vanuatu (New Hebrides, (independent South Pacific Island state)     14. Wallis-Futuna Islands (French South Pacific Islands)     15. Cook Is (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)     16. Easter IsEaster Island (Chile)     17. Line Islands (part of Kiribati, an independent equatorial Pacific Island State)     18. Marquesas (French Polynesia)     19. Pitcairn Islands (UK South Pacific Islands)     20. Society Islands (French Polynesia)     21. Tuamotu Islands (French Polynesia)     22. Tubuai Islands (French Polynesia)     23. Caroline Islands (independent North Pacific Island State)     24. Kazan-retto (Volcano Islands, Japan)     25. Marcus Island (Japan)     26. Mariana Islands (commonwealth in political union with the USA)     27. Marshall Islands (independent North Pacific Island State)     28. Ogasawara-gunto (Japan)     29. Wake Island (US North Pacific Island)     30. Hawaii (USA)     31. Santa Cruz Island (USA, California)
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35. North American distribution records     1. Aleutian Is     2. Alaska (USA)     3. Greenland     4. Northwest Territories (Canada)     5. Yukon Territory (Canada)     6. Alberta (Canada)     7. British Columbia (Canada)     8. Manitoba (Canada)     9. Saskatchewan (Canada)     10. Labrador (Canada)     11. New Brunswick (Canada)     12. Newfoundland (Canada)     13. Nova Scotia (Canada)     14. Ontario (Canada)     15. Prince Edward Island (Canada)     16. Quebec (Canada)     17. Colarado (USA)     18. Idaho (USA)     19. Montana (USA)     20. Oregon (USA)     21. Washington (USA)     22. Wyoming (USA)     23. Illinois (USA)     24. Iowa (USA)     25. Kansas (USA)     26. Minnesota (USA)     27. Missouri (USA)     28. North Dakota (USA)     29. Nebraska (USA)     30. Oklahoma (USA)     31. South Dakota (USA)     32. Wisconsin (USA)     33. Connecticut (USA)     34. Indiana (USA)     35. Maine (USA)     36. Massachusetts (USA)     37. Michigan (USA)     38. New Hampshire (USA)     39. New Jersey (USA)     40. New York (USA)     41. Ohio (USA)     42. Pennsylvania (USA)     43. Rhode Island (USA)     44. Vermont (USA)     45. West Virginia (USA)     46. Arizona (USA)     47. California (USA)     48. Nevada (USA)     49. Utah (USA)     50. New Mexico (USA)     51. Texas (USA)     52. Alabama (USA)     53. Arkansas (USA)     54. Delaware (USA)     55. Florida (USA)     56. Georgia (USA)     57. Kentucky (USA)     58. Louisiana (USA)     59. Maryland (USA)     60. Mississippi (USA)     61. North Carolina (USA)     62. South Carolina (USA)     63. Tennessee (USA)     64. Virginia (USA)     65. District of Columbia (USA)     66. Central Mexico (Mexico)     67. Northeastern Mexico (Mexico)     68. Mexican Gulf Coast (Mexico)     69. Mexican Pacific Islands (Mexico)     70. Northwestern Mexico (Mexico)     71. Southwestern Mexico (Mexico)
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36. South and Central American and Carribean distribution records     1. Belize     2. Costa Rica     3. American Pacific Islands (USA)     4. El Salvador     5. Guatemala     6. Honduras     7. Nicaragua     8. Panama     9. Southeastern Mexico (Mexico)     10. Aruba (Netherlands, Caribbean Island)     11. Bahamas     12. Bermuda (Caribbean overseas territory of the UK)     13. Cayman Islands (Caribbean overseas territory of the UK)     14. Cuba     15. Dominican Republic     16. Haiti     17. Jamaica     18. Leeward Islands (Netherlands Antilles)     19. Netherlands Antilles [the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao)]     20. Puerto Rico     21. ???Southwest Caribbean     22. Turks and Caicos Islands (Caribbean overseas territory of the UK)     23. Trinida & Tobago (independent Caribbean Island State)     24. Venezuelan Antilles (Venezuela)     25. Windward Islands (Netherlands Antilles)     26. French Guiana (Caribbean overseas department of France)     27. Guyana (independent, South America)     28. Suriname (independent, South America)     29. Venezuela     30. Bolivia     31. Colombia     32. Ecuador     33. Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)     34. Peru     35. West-central Brazil (Brazil)     36. Northeastern Brazil (Brazil)     37. Southeastern Brazil (Brazil)     38. Northern Brazil (Brazil)     39. Southern Brazil (Brazil)     40. Northeastern Argentina (Argentina)     41. Southern Argentina (Argentina)     42. Northwestern Argentina (Argentina)     43. Northern Chile (Chile)     44. Southern Chile (Chile)     45. Desventurados Islands (Chile)     46. Juan Fernandez Islands (Chile)     47. Paraguay     48. Uruguay
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37. Antarctic distribution records     1. Amsterdam-St Paul Isles (French Southern and Antarctic Lands)     2. Bouvet Island (Territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo )     3. Crozet Isles (French Southern and Antarctic Lands)     4. Falkland Isles (Islas Malvinas; overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)     5. Heard and McDonald Islands (Australia)     6. Kerguelen Isles (French Southern and Antarctic Lands)     7. Macquarie Isles (Australia)     8. Marion Island and Prince Edward Island (South Africa)     9. South Georgia (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)     10. South Sandwich Isles (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)     11. Saint Helena & Tristan de Cunha (overseas territory of the UK)     12. Antarctica (governed by Antarctic Treaty; 45 treaty member nations including seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, UK)
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38. Checklist records [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. Australia     2. Austria     3. Bolivia     4. Chile     5. Ecuador     6. Estonia     7. Germany     8. Germany, Bavaria     9. Germany, Hamburg     10. Great Britain     11. Guianas     12. Iberic Peninsula     13. Italy     14. Japan     15. Mexico     16. Morocco     17. New Guinea     18. New Zealand     19. Peru     20. Sonoran Desert     21. Sweden and Norway     22. Thailand     23. Tunisia     24. Turkey     25. Ukraine     26. United States and Canada (continental)     27. Venezuela
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Ecology   back to top

43. Life habit     1. saprobic (= destruents)     2. biotroph (inhabiting living organisms)
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44. Lifestyle [mandatory] [mandatory character]     1. cyanobacteriicolous (= parasitic on cyanobacteria)     2. algicolous (= parasitic on eukaryotic algae)     3. phytopathogenic (= pathogens and/or parasites on plants)     4. lichenized (= parasitic and / or mutual symbiotic with photobionts)     5. lichenicolous (= parasitic on lichens)     6. fungicolous (= parasitic on fungi)
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45. Substrate preference [mandatory character]     1. terricolous (on soil)     2. bryophytic (on bryophytes)     3. lignicolous (on wood)     4. corticolous (on bark)     5. epiphyllous (on living leaves)     6. saxicolous (on rock)
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46. Thallus-substrate interaction     1. endosubstratic     3. episubstratic
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50. Substrate     1. inorganic soil     2. organic soil, detritus     3. wood     4. bryophytes     5. bark     6. non-calciferous rock     7. calciferous rock     8. lichens     9. living leaves
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51. Rock substrate ecology     1. bricks     3. shell sand     4. calcareous sand
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53. Rock substrate mineral content     1. non-calciferous (lacking calcites)     2. calciferous (containing calcites)     3. metalliferous [containing (heavy) metals]     4. gypsiferous (containing gypsum)
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54. Soil substrate organic contents     1. detrital     2. organic     3. inorganic
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55. Soil substrate mineral content     2. calciferous (containing limestone)     3. metalliferous [containing (heavy) metals]     4. gypsiferous (containing gypsum)
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56. Soil substrate mineral grain size     1. clay or silt (argillaceous)     2. loam     3. loess     4. sand
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Host or Phorophyte Taxonomy   back to top

71. Host fungus or lichen species


Lichen Photobionts   back to top

79. Primary photobiont presence     1. absent     2. present
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80. Primary photobiont kind     2. chlorococcal     3. trentepohlioid
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Thallus Morphology: General Morphology   back to top

104. Thallus growth form [mandatory character]     1. indistinct     2. crustose
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105. Thallus primary subdivision    ()  1. continuous ()

108. Crustose growth organization     2. granular     3. rimose     5. areolate (primarily areolate)     6. placodioid     7. squamulose
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109. Crustose growth structure    ()  2. subsquamulose ()

110. Crustose growth aggregation    ()  2. scattered (dispersed) ()


Thallus Morphology: Outline   back to top

168. Primal thallus persistence     1. disappearing     2. persistent
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Thallus Morphology: Upper Thallus Surface   back to top

172. Upper surface colour     2. white     3. pale grey (= greyish white, whitish grey)     4. grey     5. dark gray (= greyish black, blackish grey)     8. pale red (= reddish white, whitish red, incl. pink, rosé)     9. grey-red (= greyish red, reddish grey)     10. brownish red (= reddish brown)     14. pale green (= greenish white, whitish green)     15. grey-green (= greyish green, greenish gray)     16. brownish green (= greenish brown, incl. olive, olivaceous)     20. pale blue (= whitish blue, bluish white)     21. grey-blue (= bluish grey, greyish blue)     22. brownish blue (= bluish brown)     25. pale yellow (= whitish yellow, yellowish white, incl. lemon, citrine)     26. grey-yellow (= greyish yellow, yellowish grey)     27. brownish yellow (= yellowish brown)     30. brown     31. pale brown (= brownish white, whitish brown)     32. grey-brown (= greyish brown, brownish grey)     33. dark brown (= brownish black, blackish brown)
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175. Upper surface glossiness     1. matt (opaque, dull)     2. glossy (shiny)     3. vitreous
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176. Upper surface roughness     1. smooth     2. rough
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177. Upper surface texture     2. pulverulaceous     3. byssoid     4. erose
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178. Upper surface special structures: presence     1. absent     2. present:
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